Smallpox Treatment Essay -- Vaccination Vaccine Variolation

Smallpox Treatment Smallpox has terrorened our world for the past twelve thousand years. Treatments were desperately searched for until a cure called variolation was discovered. variolization is the use of the virus fit(p) into a being to which they will receive the illness to a lesser degree and overcome the illness forming an immunization to it. This swear out was started in China and went worldwide after Lady Montagu took the process from Turkey and informed the British about it. From here the process set fire and pass out across Europe, curing many, but also killing them too. This new discovery opened a channel of research for many doctors, until in 1774 a farmer named Benjamin Jesty discovered that the lesser illness of cowpox could vaccinate one from smallpox. Jestys discovery plagued the world and set another opening for research, into which doctors searched for the best modal value to vaccinate citizens with. Vaccination helped a plethora of people un til 1980 when the disease was finally eradicated. However, smallpoxs ugly face reared itself just recently with the new threat of bioterrorism. Yet this will most likely not affect our society due to the huge amount of preparatory work that would need to be placed into a new smallpox outbreak. For the past twelve thousand years, Smallpox has obliterated societies with ease. Many civilizations found ways to inoculate their citizens with the least amount of symptoms through with(predicate) processes known as variolation and vaccination. Development of the treatment for smallpox mostly began in the end of the eighteenth century and continued through 1970s, until smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Smallpox is thought to have first started in Africa and then moved to... ... vaccinum. 1st ed. Vol. 1. London Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1981. 1-196. Brannon, Heather. The History of Smallpox. About.Com. 24 Sept. 2005. Health on the loot Foundation. 26 July 2007 sm allpoxhx.htm. The First Recorded Smallpox Vaccination. The Dorset Page. 2000. The Dorset Page. 27 July 2007 . Krasner, Gary. Smallpox Vaccination Dangers. NaturoDoc. 2007. NaturoDoc LLC. 27 July 2007 _vaccine.htm. Ogden, Horace G.. CDC and the Smallpox Crusade. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1987. Razzell, Peter. Edward Jenners Cowpox Vaccine the History of a Medical Myth. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Great Britain Caliban Books, 1977. 5-107.

Eli Whitney: The Inventor That Shook The Nation :: essays research papers

Eli Whitney, one of the first great American inventors, who had a very interesting inventing period. It pretty much didnt happen. But Ill explain that later. I chose Eli for a very good reason I knew absolutely zilch about(predicate) him. Well, other than the given, he invented the cotton gin. Ive always enjoyed researching inventors, so it was either Mr. Whitney, or Robert Fulton. Happily I chose Eli. From studying Eli I hoped to learn about some of his other inventions, what inspired him to invent, in what conditions did he grow up and live in, and as well as what did his inventions lead to (as in other inventions or discoveries). Since I knew nothing about the E-ster when I began, I was eagerly soaking up info. So I knew nothing to be true or false when beginning. He proved to be a very interesting and almost tragic inventor. Now Ill get into the information part of it.Well, I may as well begin in the beginning . . . you know what I mean. Mr. Whitney was born on December 8, 1 769 in Westborough, Massachusetts. He was one of the first great American inventors. It probably began early on because he always enjoyed toying with objects. He loved to build and take away items. When he was twelve, he made a violin. Shortly after, when he was in his teens, he established a prominent nail making business.Later on, 1783-1789 to be exact, he taught grammar school in Westborough. When hed had enough of that, he entered Yale in 1789, then graduated in 1792. After Yale, he journeyed to Savannah, Georgia to teach and study law. in that location he met Catherine Littlefield Greene. She invited him as a guest to stay in her home while he studied law. Eli believed he should start fixing things to earn his follow around the house. After many of the visitors to Mrs. Greenes house, a certain couple began to discuss the south and their needs. Eventually, the talk fell upon cotton, and how useless the cotton that grew there was. It took ten hours of circulate work to separa te the cotton from the seeds. That was when Mrs. Greene suggested they ask Mr. Whitney. She said quote "Gentlemen, apply to my young friend, Mr. Whitney. He can make anything." Unquote. He watched how people would go about doing this and in ten days, he had created a prototype of the

The Frying Pan :: essays research papers

The metaphors that Conrad Hilberry stated in his poem The Frying Pan,expressed some of the feelings that some women take place throughout their life.In this poem I believe that Hilberry related this poem to a female that was in arelationship with a very authoritative guy.In the first stanza it says I am another long-necked girl with the sameface., a girl that has the same face makes me think of a girl that has noexpressions, and hardly ever shows emotion, and this could be because she wascontrolled by her boyfriend or husband. Throughout the first stanza it states I am emptiness reflected in a lookingglass, a head kept by a collar and leash, the first thing that comes to my mindwhen I read that is that there is a girl that feels rescind inside, and that she is kept ona leash by her significant other. Some examples of this could be that her significantother could have beaten her, or verbally maltreated her by telling her that should couldnot do certain things, and that can relate to existence on a leash. Also in the first stanzait says a beat belly with something knocking to irritate in, this could refer to herboyfriend or husband. From saying a round belly this might mean that he is all overweight, and saying that something is knocking to get in could mean that all hewants to do is to have sexual intercourse with her, as in the something knockingrefers to his penis, and to get in could refer to her vagina.In the Second Stanza when it says to cross the handle and she wouldbecome Venus could refer to breaking up with her significant other and having theconfidence of being attractive because Venus is the goddess of love.

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Nathaniel Hawthorne was a truly outstanding author. His detailed descriptions and imagery will surely keep people interested in rendering The Scarlet letter for years to come. In writing this book he used themes evident throughout the entirety of the raw. These themes are illustrated in what happens to the characters and how they react. By examining how these themes pretend the main characters, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth, one can obtain a better understanding of what Hawthorne was trying to impress upon his readers.The first theme expressed in The Scarlet Letter is that even well meaning deceptions and secrets can lead to destruction. Dimmesdale is a prime example of this he meant well by concealing his secret relationship with Hester, however, safekeeping it bound up was deteriorating his health. Over the course of the book this fact is made to stand out by Dimmesdale&8217s changing appearance. Over the course of the novel Dimmesdale becomes more pale, and emaciated. Hester prevents herself from suffer the same fate. She is open about her sin but stays loyal to her yellowish brown by non telling who is the father of Pearl. Hester matures in the book becomes a stronger character.The fact that revenge destroys both the victim and the seeker is another theme presented in the Scarlet Letter. Dimmesdale is the victim of Chillingworth&8217s revenge upon Hester and whoever her lover happened to be. Dimmesdale, beside his self-inflicted harm was also not helped by the fact Chillingworth enjoyed watching him waste away. However, Chillingworth is also subject to this destiny as evidence by his change in the novel. Chillingworth was considered wise and aged in the beginning of the novel, although, later he is seen as being dusky and evil.Lastly Nathaniel Hawthorne brings out that we absolutely must accept tariff for our actions or suffer the consequences come with them. Hester is the prime example for this here because she was smart and freed herself of this great weight quickly so that it wouldn&8217t drag her down. This theme was not as applicable to Dimmesdale, however, who decided to hide his wrongful actions and was bearing this secret upon his heart and mind at all times.

Workplace Telecommunications Essay examples -- Telephone Phone Systems

Workplace TelecommunicationsThe telecommunication system at XYZ Corporation meets the needs of its medium sized business. Their phone system consists of 1,000 2400 serial digital phones. These phones help to improve the efficiency and productivity of our organization and simplify the flow of information because of the enhanced features such as the ability to expand your 24 button telephone with additional 50 button expansion modules. With this phone system theres no need to change station wiring or insure connects, your staff can move telephone sets around without the help of a technician. This feature saves time and money for every day moves. Each phone has a full duplex speaker phone a 2x24 display size (lines x characters) and expansion unit ports. Our organization uses a PBX system to route component data, and internal video transmissions, while we send all external calls through one or more lines to the providers central office. Digital PBX acts as the gateway surrounded b y users and external world. To connect to the outside, we connect to the public network with Sprint digital PBX consistencys. Each digital trunk is delivered on a T1 (1.5 Mbps) line. PBX trunks provide individualistic phone numbers to all of our employees without purchasing individual, physical lines. The T1 bundle comes with many services which include local loop access, 24 digital voice channels, configurable trunk lines, block of DID numbers, voicemail, a link to calling services.S...

Workplace Telecommunications Essay examples -- Telephone Phone Systems

Workplace TelecommunicationsThe telecommunication agreement at XYZ Corporation meets the needs of its medium sized business. Their address system consists of 1,000 2400 series digital phones. These phones help to improve the efficiency and productivity of our organization and simplify the flow of information because of the enhanced features such as the talent to expand your 24 button telephone with additional 50 button expansion modules. With this phone system theres no need to change station equip or cross connects, your staff can move telephone sets around without the help of a technician. This feature saves time and money for every day moves. from each one phone has a full duplex speaker phone a 2x24 display size (lines x characters) and expansion unit ports. Our organization uses a PBX system to route voice data, and internal video transmissions, while we send all external calls through one or more lines to the providers central office. Digital PBX acts as the gateway betw een users and external world. To connect to the outside, we connect to the public network with Sprint digital PBX boxershorts. Each digital trunk is delivered on a T1 (1.5 Mbps) line. PBX trunks provide individual phone numbers to all of our employees without purchasing individual, physical lines. The T1 bundle comes with many services which include local loop access, 24 digital voice channels, configurable trunk lines, block of DID numbers, voicemail, a link to calling services.S...

Bias in Abstinence-Only Education

In addition to cosmos an ineffective deterrent to unwanted pregnancy and intimately transmitted diseases, continence but education prevents newborn women from making well informed decisions about their sexuality. Cases of teen pregnancy and STD/HIV infections is on the rise despite the government allocating funds for frugality only programs. This paper seeks to look at the government policies with regard to abstinence-only education programs and its relationship with unwanted pregnancies.It is a known fact that sexual abstinence is being practiced in all countries in the world as a sure way of preventing sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. Men and women of all ages who are non ready to accept the risks that accompany sexual activity embrace abstinence which is a normal and acceptable practice. As a way of expressing love, affection and tenderness, volume resort to intercourse and sexual activity. Sex is also being physical exercised by couples to strengthen their r elationships.However, it has often been argued that using sex to cement relationships can try unmatchables judgment. Among women, having sex may strengthen the feeling of love but do non actually cement or deepen the relationship. Exploring sexual behavior within an environment of deep commitment where having children is considered as a possibility is always rewarding. Majority of people are however not lively for commitment hence opt for abstinence until they develop a stable relationship. Abstinence is 100% effective in protecting an individual from sexually transmitted.However, if the majority of the population could realize its effectiveness, then we would not be having such headlines like the ones we have seen in the past of teen births being on the rise. However, abstinence is not an easy practice considering how strong sexual drives are among humans. The rate of teen births steadily declined since 1991 and this could have been because of the intensive educational campaig ns that were initiated during that period. These campaigns included encouraging people to use protectives and condoms and enlightening people on the risks of Aids and sexually transmitted diseases.However, today statistics now channelise an increase by 3% in teen births the world-class time ever in 14 years. (Wilson, Kelly, Patricia,2005) Is it that the sex education programs that the government adopted are no longer working? The government has tried to show some effort in curbing STDs and unwanted pregnancies. The first federal abstinence-only program was enacted in 1981 and this was designed primarily to support pregnant and parenting teenagers. This came through the boyish Family Life Act which was also passed the same year.AFLA also funded abstinence-only programs meant to encourage responsibility and self discipline among teenagers (Abstinence Only Programs 2008, p. 2). Abstinence-only programs purpose was to teach the habitual population and especially the teenagers how t hey stand to gain from abstinence. It also sought to teach abstinence from pre-marital to all grooming children. The abstinence-only program was supposed to teach the values of abstinence with regard to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.According to this program, the expected standard of human sexual activity revolved around a mutually faithful monogamous relationship. However, with all these well clarified goals, current scientific research shows that this program is ineffective. A study of abstinence-only-until marriages program inferred that the classes fail to serve its goal of delaying the onset of sexual activity the young people. An evaluation of 11 of these programs showed that they do not have a lasting positive effect on the asexual behavior of young people (Ibid 4).Instead of a positive effect on the young people they showed a negative willingness to use contraceptive because the program emphasized on contraceptive failure. It has often been reiterat ed that abstinence-only programs endanger the youths because adolescents are denied terminate information. These programs fail to provide contraception information and in some cases, they have been accused of providing wrong information which may lead to youths forgoing contraceptive use. Teens are exposed to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases because of lack of responsible sex education.Only safer sex intervention can shave unprotected sexual intercourse as compared to abstinence only programs. The Federal Fund for abstinence -only programs have negatively influenced schools. Avery good example involves the Gloucester High school in Massachusetts with the summer vacations beginning 17 girls at the school are expecting babies (Kathleen Kingsbury, Wednesday June 18, 2008). This proves further the failure of the program to curb pre-marital pregnancies. In order to decrease the prevalence of this at the school a local pediatrician advocated for the prescription of contracep tives.However, this has been met with hostility. Amazingly it is the desire of these teens to get pregnant and this only proves how distorted their perception towards liveliness is. An effective sex education program should include teaching teenagers about abstinence even though it is not sufficient in itself. A complete and accurate information about reproductive health should be the core of teenage education. This should include abstinence prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and above all prevention of pregnancy.Teenagers can only make informed and appropriate decisions if they have access to reliable information about their productive health. Cases like the one at Gloucester High School can only be prevented through enlightening the students on the dangers involved in early pregnancy. Schools should be at the read/write head in teaching the science behind sex and factually based reproductive health education. However, much of the sex education should be done at home and young girls should be at the core of advice into the dangers of playing with boys.They should be taught the virtues of responsibility and accountability so they may grow up with the full experience of the science of reproduction and its purpose. Work Cited Abstinence Only Programs, Center for Gender Studies. 2005 Kingsbury, Kathleen. Pregnancy Boom at Gloucester High. Time. Wednesday June 18, 2008 Wilson, Kelly L. Goodson, Patricia Pruit. A review of 21 curricula for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs. , diary of School Health, March 2005 Issue

The Lost Symbol Chapter 110-112

CHAPTER 110Director Sato stood al unity in the study, waiting while the CIA artificial satellite-imaging division processed her request. One of the luxuries of working in the D.C. area was the satellite c overage. With luck, one of them might put on been properly po rideioned to seduce photos of this home tonight . . . possibly capturing a vehicle leaving the place in the last half hour.Sorry, maam, the satellite technician said. No coverage of those coordinates tonight. Do you inadequacy to make a reposition request?No thanks. Too late. She hung up.Sato exhaled, flat having no idea how they would figure forbidden where their target had gone. She walked out(a) to the foyer, where her men had bagged Agent Hartmanns body and were carrying it toward the chopper. Sato had orde reddened Agent Simkins to gather his men and prepare for the return to Langley, just now Simkins was in the living inhabit on his hands and knees. He looked like he was ill.You okay?He glanced up, an odd look on his face. Did you see this? He pointed at the parlor floor.Sato came over and looked down(a) at the plush carpet. She shook her head, seeing nothing.Crouch down, Simkins said. Look at the nap of the carpet.She did. After a moment, she saw it. The fibers of the carpet looked like they had been mashed down . . . depressed along two straight lines as if the wheels of something heavy had been rolled across the room.The strange thing, Simkins said, is where the tracks go. He pointed.Satos gaze followed the faint par bothel lines across the living-room carpet. The tracks seemed to disappear beneath a large floor-to-ceiling film that hung beside the fireplace. What in the world?Simkins walked over to the painting and tried to lift it down from the w tout ensemble. It didnt budge. Its fixed, he said, now runnel his fingers nearly the edges. Hold on, theres something underneath . . . His finger hit a crushed lever beneath the bottom edge, and something clicked.Sato stepped fo rward as Simkins pushed the frame and the entire painting rotated slowly on its center, like a revolving door.He raised his flashlight and shined it into the dark quadruplet beyond.Satos eyes narrowed. Here we go.At the end of a short corridor stood a heavy metal door.The memories that had billowed through the blackness of Langdons mind had come and gone. In their wake, a trail of red-hot sparks was swirling, along with the same eerie, distant whisper.Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum . . . Verbum perdo.The chanting continued like the drone of voices in a medieval canticle.Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum. The words now tumbled through the empty void, fresh voices echoing all around him.Apocalypsis . . . Franklin . . . Apocalypsis . . . Verbum . . . Apocalypsis . . .Without warning, a mournful price began tolling somewhere in the distance. The bell rang on and on, growing louder. It tolled more urgently now, as if hoping Langdon would understand, as if urging his mind to follow.CHAPTER 111The tolling bell in the clock tower rang for three full minutes, rattling the crystal chandelier that hung supra Langdons head. Decades ago, he had attended lectures in this well-loved assembly hall at Phillips Exeter Academy. Today, however, he was here to listen to a dear friend address the student body. As the lights dimmed, Langdon took a seat against the stand wall, beneath a pantheon of overlord portraits.A hush fell across the crowd. In total darkness, a tall, shadowy figure crossed the stage and took the podium. Good morning, the faceless voice whispered into the microphone.Everyone sat up, straining to see who was addressing them.A slide projector flashed to life, divine revelation a faded sepia photographa dramatic castle with a red sandstone facade, high square towers, and Gothic embellishments.The shadow spoke again. Who can tell me where this is?England a girl declared in the darkness. This facade is a blend of primordial Gothic and la te Romanesque, making this the quintessential Norman castle and placing it in England at well-nigh the twelfth century.Wow, the faceless voice replied. Someone knows her architecture.Quiet groans all around.Unfortunately, the shadow added, you missed by three thousand miles and half a millennium.The room perked up.The projector now flashed a full-color, modern photo of the same castle from a different angle. The castles Seneca Creek sandstone towers dominated the foreground, but in the background, startlingly close, stood the majestic, white, columned dome of the U.S. Capitol Building.Hold on the girl exclaimed. Theres a Norman castle in D.C.?Since 1855, the voice replied. Which is when this next photo was taken.A new slide appeareda black-and-white interior shot, depicting a massive vaulted ballroom, furnished with sensual skeletons, scientific display cases, glass jars with biological samples, archaeological artifacts, and plaster casts of prehistoric reptiles.This terrific cast le, the voice said, was the Statess first real science museum. It was a gift to America from a wealthy British scientist who, like our forefathers, guessd our fledgling country could become the land of attainment. He bequeathed to our forefathers a massive fortune and asked them to build at the marrow of our nation an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. He paused a long moment. Who can tell me the name of this generous scientist?A timid voice in front ventured, James Smithson?A whisper of recognition rippled through the crowd. Smithson indeed, the man on stage replied. Peter Solomon now stepped into the light, his gray eyes newsbreak playfully. Good morning. My name is Peter Solomon, and I am secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.The students broke into wild applause.In the shadows, Langdon watched with admiration as Peter captivated the young minds with a photographic tour of the Smithsonian Institutions early history. The show began with Smithsonian Castle, its basement science labs, corridors lined with exhibits, a salon full of mollusks, scientists who called themselves the curators of crustaceans, and even an old photo of the castles two most popular residentsa pair of now-deceased owls named Diffusion and Increase. The half-hour slide show ended with an impressive satellite photo of the National Mall, now lined with awful Smithsonian museums.As I said when I began, Solomon stated in conclusion, James Smithson and our forefathers envisioned our bulky country to be a land of enlightenment. I believe today they would be proud. Their great Smithsonian Institution stands as a symbol of science and knowledge at the very core of America. It is a living, breathing, working good word to our forefathers dream for Americaa country founded on the principles of knowledge, lore, and science.Solomon clicked off the slides to an energetic round of applause. The houselights came up, along with dozens of eager hands with questions.Solo mon called on a small red-haired boy in the middle.Mr. Solomon? the boy said, sounding puzzled. You said our forefathers fled the ghostlike oppression of Europe to establish a country on the principles of scientific advancement.Thats correct.But . . . I was under the impression our forefathers were devoutly religious men who founded America as a Christian nation.Solomon smiled. My friends, dont get me wrong, our forefathers were deeply religious men, but they were Deistsmen who believed in God, but in a universal and open-minded way. The only religious ideal they put forth was religious freedom. He pull offed the microphone from the podium and strode out to the edge of the stage. Americas forefathers had a vision of a spiritually enlightened utopia, in which freedom of thought, education of the masses, and scientific advancement would replace the darkness of outdated religious superstition.A blond girl in back raised her hand.Yes?Sir, the girl said, holding up her cell phone, Ive been researching you online, and Wikipedia says youre a prominent Freemason.Solomon held up his Masonic ring. I could have saved you the data charges.The students laughed.Yes, well, the girl continued, hesitating, you just mentioned outdated religious superstition, and it seems to me that if anyone is responsible for propagating outdated superstitions . . . it would be the Masons.Solomon seemed unfazed. Oh? How so?Well, Ive read a lot about Masonry, and I know youve got a lot of strange ancient rituals and beliefs. This article online even says that Masons believe in the power of some kind of ancient witching(prenominal) wisdom . . . which can elevate man to the realm of the gods?Everyone turned and stared at the girl as if she were nuts.Actually, Solomon said, shes right.The kids all spun around and faced front, eyes widening.Solomon suppressed a smile and asked the girl, Does it offer any other Wiki-wisdom about this magical knowledge?The girl looked uneasy now, but she began to read from the Web site. To ensure this powerful wisdom could not be used by the unworthy, the early adepts wrote down their knowledge in code . . . cloaking its potent truth in a metaphorical lyric of symbols, myth, and allegory. To this day, this encrypted wisdom is all around us . . . encoded in our mythology, our art, and the occult texts of the ages. Unfortunately, modern man has lost the ability to decipher this complex network of symbolism . . . and the great truth has been lost.Solomon waited. Thats all?The girl shifted in her seat. Actually, there is a little bit more.I should hope so. Please . . . tell us.The girl looked hesitant, but she clean her throat and continued. According to legend, the sages who encrypted the Ancient Mysteries long ago left behind a key of sorts . . . a password that could be used to unlock the encrypted secrets. This magical passwordknown as the verbum significatiumis said to hold the power to lift the darkness and unlock the Ancient Mysteries, opening them to all human understanding. Solomon smiled wistfully. Ah, yes . . . the verbum significatium. He stared into space for a moment and then lowered his eyes again to the blond girl. And where is this wonderful word now?The girl looked apprehensive, clearly wishing she had not challenged their client speaker. She finished reading. Legend holds that the verbum significatium is buried deep underground, where it waits patiently for a pivotal moment in history . . . a moment when mankind can no longer survive without the truth, knowledge, and wisdom of the ages. At this dark crossroads, mankind give at last unearth the Word and herald in a wondrous new age of enlightenment. The girl turned off her phone and shrank down in her seat.After a long silence, another student raised his hand. Mr. Solomon, you dont real believe that, right?Solomon smiled. Why not? Our mythologies have a long tradition of magic words that provide insight and godlike powers. To this day, children sti ll beef abracadabra in hopes of creating something out of nothing. Of course, weve all forgotten that this word is not a toy it has roots in ancient Aramaic mysticismAvrah KaDabrameaning I create as I speak. Silence.But, sir, the student now pressed, surely you dont believe that a single word . . . this verbum significatium . . . whatever it is . . . has the power to unlock ancient wisdom . . . and bring about a worldwide enlightenment?Peter Solomons face revealed nothing. My own beliefs should not c one timern you. What should concern you is that this prophecy of a approach enlightenment is echoed in virtually every faith and philosophical tradition on earth. Hindus call it the Krita Age, astrologers call it the Age of Aquarius, the Jews describe the feeler of the Messiah, theosophists call it the spick-and-span Age, cosmologists call it Harmonic Convergence and predict the actual date.December 21, 2012 someone called.Yes, unnervingly soon . . . if youre a believer in Mayan mat h.Langdon chuckled, recalling how Solomon, ten years ago, had correctly predicted the current freshet of television specials predicting that the year 2012 would mark the End of the World.Timing aside, Solomon said, I find it wondrous to note that throughout history, all of mankinds disparate philosophies have all concurred on one thingthat a great enlightenment is coming. In every culture, in every era, in every corner of the world, the human dream has pore on the same exact conceptthe coming apotheosis of man . . . the impending transformation of our human minds into their true potentiality. He smiled. What could possibly explain much(prenominal) a synchronicity of beliefs?Truth, said a quiet voice in the crowd. Solomon wheeled. Who said that?The hand that went up belonged to a tiny Asian boy whose modest features suggested he might be Nepalese or Tibetan. Maybe there is a universal truth embedded in everyones soul. Maybe we all have the same story hiding inside, like a shared constant in our DNA. Maybe this collective truth is responsible for the similarity in all of our stories.Solomon was beaming as he pressed his hands together and bowed reverently to the boy. Thank you.Everyone was quiet.Truth, Solomon said, addressing the room. Truth has power. And if we all gravitate toward similar ideas, maybe we do so because those ideas are true . . . written deep deep down us. And when we hear the truth, even if we dont understand it, we feel that truth resonate within us . . . vibrating with our unconscious mind wisdom. Perhaps the truth is not learned by us, but rather, the truth is re-called . . . re-membered . . . re-cognized . . . as that which is already inside us.The silence in the hall was complete.Solomon let it sit for a long moment, then quietly said, In closing, I should warn you that unveiling the truth is never easy. Throughout history, every period of enlightenment has been accompany by darkness, pushing in opposition. Such are the laws of nat ure and balance. And if we look at the darkness growing in the world today, we have to realize that this representation there is equal light growing. We are on the verge of a truly great period of illumination, and all of usall of youare profoundly blessed to be living through this pivotal moment of history. Of all the people who have ever lived, in all the eras in history . . . we are in that narrow window of time during which we will bear witness to our ultimate renaissance. After millennia of darkness, we will see our sciences, our minds, and even our religions unveil the truth.Solomon was about to get a hearty round of applause when he held up his hand for silence. Miss? He pointed directly to the contentious blond girl in back with the cell phone. I know you and I didnt agree on much, but I want to thank you. Your passion is an important catalyst in the coming changes. Darkness feeds on apathy . . . and conviction is our most potent antidote. Keep studying your faith. Study t he Bible. He smiled. Especially the final pages.The Apocalypse? she said.Absolutely. The Book of manifestation is a vibrant example of our shared truth. The last book of the Bible tells the identical story as countless other traditions. They all predict the coming unveiling of great wisdom.Someone else said, But isnt the Apocalypse about the end of the world? You know, the Antichrist, Armageddon, the final battle between good and evil?Solomon chuckled. Who here studies Greek? Several hands went up.What does the word apocalypse literally mean?It means, one student began, and then paused as if surprised. Apocalypse means to unveil . . . or to reveal. Solomon gave the boy a nod of approval. Exactly. The Apocalypse is literally a reveal-ation. The Book of Reveal-ation in the Bible predicts an unveiling of great truth and unimaginable wisdom. The Apocalypse is not the end of the world, but rather it is the end of the world as we know it. The prophecy of the Apocalypse is just one of th e Bibles beautiful messages that has been distorted. Solomon stepped to the front of the stage. Believe me, the Apocalypse is coming . . . and it will be nothing like what we were taught.High over his head, the bell began to toll.The students erupted into bewildered and thunderous applause.CHAPTER 112Katherine Solomon was teetering on the edge of consciousness when she was jolted by the shock coil of a deafening explosion.Moments later, she smelled smoke.Her ears were ringing.There were muffled voices. Distant. Shouting. Footsteps. Suddenly she was breathing more clearly. The cloth had been pulled from her mouth.Youre safe, a mans voice whispered. Just hold on.She expected the man to pull the needle out of her arm but instead he was yelling orders. Bring the medical kit . . . attach an IV to the needle . . . infuse lactated Ringers ancestor . . . get me a blood pressure. As the man began checking her vital signs, he said, Ms. Solomon, the person who did this to you . . . where did he go?Katherine tried to speak, but she could not. Ms. Solomon? the voice repeated. Where did he go?Katherine tried to pry her eyes open, but she felt up herself fading.We need to know where he went, the man urged.Katherine whispered three words in response, although she knew they made no sense. The . . . sacred . . . mountain.Director Sato stepped over the mangled steel door and descended a wooden ramp into the hidden basement. One of her agents met her at the bottom.Director, I think youll want to see this.Sato followed the agent into a small room off the narrow hallway. The room was brightly lit and barren, except for a pile of clothing on the floor. She recognized Robert Langdons tweed coat and loafers.Her agent pointed toward the far wall at a large, casketlike container.What in the world?Sato head for the hillsd toward the container, seeing now that it was fed by a clear plastic pipe that ran through the wall. Warily, she approached the storage tank.Now she could see that it had a small slider on top. She reached down and slid the covering to one side, revealing a small portal-like window.Sato recoiled.Beneath the Plexiglas . . . floated the submerged, vacant face of Professor Robert Langdon.LightThe endless void in which Langdon hovered was suddenly filled by a blinding sun. Rays of white-hot light streamed across the blackness of space, burning into his mind.The light was everywhere.Suddenly, within the radiant cloud before him, a beautiful silhouette appeared. It was a face . . . blurry and indistinct . . . two eyes staring at him across the void. Streams of light surrounded the face, and Langdon wondered if he was looking into the face of God.Sato stared down into the tank, query if Professor Langdon had any idea what had happened. She doubted it. After all, disorientation was the entire purpose of this technology. Sensory-deprivation tanks had been around since the fifties and were still a popular getaway for wealthy New Age experimenters. Floa ting, as it was called, offered a transcendental back-to- the-womb experience . . . a kind of meditative aid that quieted brain activity by removing all sensory stimulant druglight, sound, touch, and even the pull of gravity. In traditional tanks, the person would float on his back in a hyperbuoyant saline solution that kept his face above the water so he could take a breath.In recent years, however, these tanks had taken a quantum leap.Oxygenated perfluorocarbons.This new technologyknown as Total Liquid respiration (TLV)was so counterintuitive that few believed it existed.Breathable molten.Liquid breathing had been a reality since 1966, when Leland C. Clark successfully kept alive a mouse that had been submerged for several hours in an oxygenated perfluorocarbon. In 1989, TLV technology made a dramatic appearance in the movie The Abyss, although few viewers realized that they were watching real science.Total Liquid Ventilation had been born of modern medicines attempts to help premature babies breathe by returning them to the liquid-filled state of the womb. Human lungs, having spent nine months in utero, were no strangers to a liquid-filled state. Perfluorocarbons had once been too viscous to be fully breathable, but modern breakthroughs had made breathable liquids almost the consistency of water.The CIAs Directorate of Science and Technologythe Wizards of Langley, as they were known within the intelligence communityhad worked extensively with oxygenated perfluorocarbons to develop technologies for the U.S. military. The navys elite deep-ocean diving teams found that breathing oxygenated liquid, rather than the usual heliox or trimix, gave them the ability to dive to much great depths without risk of pressure sickness. Similarly, NASA and the air force had learned that pilots equipped with a liquid breathing apparatus rather than a traditional oxygen tank could withstand far higher g-forces than usual because liquid spread the g-force more evenly throug hout the internal organs than gas did.Sato had heard that there were now extreme experience labs where one could try these Total Liquid Ventilation tanksMeditation Machines, as they were called. This particular tank had probably been installed for its owners private experimentation, although the summation of heavy, lockable latches left little doubt in Satos mind that this tank had also been used for darker applications . . . an interrogation technique with which the CIA was familiar.The infamous interrogation technique of water embarkment was highly effective because the victim truly believed he was drowning. Sato knew of several classified operations in which sensory- deprivation tanks like these had been used to enhance that illusion to frighten new levels. A victim submerged in breathable liquid could literally be drowned. The panic associated with the drowning experience usually made the victim unaware that the liquid he was breathing was slightly more viscous than water. Whe n the liquid poured into his lungs, he would often black out from fear, and then awaken in the ultimate nonsocial confinement.Topical numbing agents, paralysis drugs, and hallucinogens were mixed with the warm oxygenated liquid to give the prisoner the sense he was entirely separated from his body. When his mind sent commands to move his limbs, nothing happened. The state of universe dead was terrifying on its own, but the true disorientation came from the rebirthing process, which, with the aid of bright lights, cold air, and deafening noise, could be exceedingly traumatic and painful. After a handful of rebirths and subsequent drownings, the prisoner became so disorientated that he had no idea if he was alive or dead . . . and he would tell the interrogator absolutely anything.Sato wondered if she should wait for a medical team to extract Langdon, but she knew she didnt have time. I need to know what he knows. round out the lights, she said. And find me some blankets.The blindi ng sun had vanished.The face had also disappeared.The blackness had returned, but Langdon could now hear distant whispers echoing across the light-years of emptiness. muted voices . . . unintelligible words. There were vibrations now . . . as if the world were about to shake apart.Then it happened.Without warning, the universe was ripped in two. An enormous chasm opened in the void . . . as if space itself had ruptured at the seams. A grayish mist poured through the opening, and Langdon saw a terrifying sight. Disembodied hands were suddenly reaching for him, grabbing his body, stressful to jerk him out of his world.No He tried to fight them off, but he had no arms . . . no fists. Or did he? Suddenly he felt his body materializing around his mind. His flesh had returned and it was being seized by powerful hands that were dragging him upward. No PleaseBut it was too late.Pain racked his chest as the hands heaved him through the opening. His lungs felt like they were filled with sand . I cant breathe He was suddenly on his back on the coldest, hardest surface he could imagine. Something was crush on his chest, over and over, hard and painful. He was spewing out the warmth.I want to go back.He felt like he was a child being born from a womb. He was convulsing, coughing up liquid. He felt pain in his chest and neck. Excruciating pain. His throat was on fire. People were talking, trying to whisper, but it was deafening. His vision was blurred, and all he could see was muted shapes. His skin felt numb, like dead leather.His chest felt heavier now . . . pressure. I cant breatheHe was coughing up more liquid. An overwhelming gag reflex seized him, and he gasped inward. Cold air poured into his lungs, and he felt like a newborn taking his first breath on earth. This world was excruciating. All Langdon wanted was to return to the womb.Robert Langdon had no idea how much time had passed. He could feel now that he was lying on his side, wrapped in towels and blankets on a hard floor. A familiar face was gazing down at him . . . but the streams of brainy light were gone. The echoes of distant chanting still hung in his mind.Verbum significatium . . . Verbum omnificum . . .Professor Langdon, someone whispered. Do you know where you are?Langdon nodded weakly, still coughing.More important, he had begun to realize what was passing game on tonight.

Edmunds Case Study Essay

1. What would the SWOT analysis look like for this company?Strengths 100 local employees, steady market share Weaknesses polished loss in market share, aging work force, lack of marketing with technology, no new productsOpportunities increase market share, serving industries other than the box market, mergers and/or acquisitions Threats Manufacturers using better machines, Consolidation in the paper industry, higher raw material costs 2. What role do you expect the internet to play in the corrugated box industry? What are some ways that Edmunds could better use the Internet to foster growth? I would expect that the internet would be a great resource for researching other corrugated box companies. It would be good for advertising as well. Edmunds could make their website better and offer some of their work on their website. They could also purchase ad space on other websites that target the corrugated box industry. They could also post employment opportunities on their website and dissimilar other internet job sites.3. Which of Porters competitive strategies would you recommend that Edmunds follow? Why? Which of the strategies do you think would least likely succeed?I would recommend the Differentiation Strategy because they need to develop new products or different ways of using the existing products to distinguish themselves in the market for the companies who unsounded use corrugated boxes. I think that the cost leadership outline would work as well. If they can find a way to offer their products at a lower cost than other companies by practicing cost reduction/lean in-house they could pull in more customers.I think that the Focus strategy would be the least likely to succeed because they seem to already be focused on a specific regional market or purchaser group and that is causing their business to slow down.

Diagnostic Assessment and Formative Assessment Essay

Assessment for culture In classrooms where sound judgement for reading is practiced, assimilators are encouraged to be much lively in their learning and associated assessment. The ultimate purpose of assessment for learning is to create self-regulated learners who can leave school able and con? dent to continue learning throughout their lives. Teachers need to know at the outset of a unit of study where their assimilators are in terms of their learning and then continually nail on how they are progressing through strengthening the feedback they get from their learners.Students are guided onwhat they are expected to learn and what quality work looks like. The teacher get out work with the student to understand and identify any gaps or misconceptions (initial/diagnostic assessment). As the unit progresses, the teacher and student work together to assess the students knowledge, what she or he needs to learn to improve and extend this knowledge, and how the student can best get to that point (formative assessment). Assessment for learning occurs at all stages of the learning knead.Assessment for learning Comprises two phasesinitial or diagnostic assessment and formative assessment diagnostic Assessment- This set of diagnostic assessment materials for literacy, language and numeracy (Entry 1 to Level 2) was a national development in 2002. Included are materials for assessing learners on the pre-entry curriculum framework (Milestones 4-8) and materials for assessing the need for support for dyslexia. Diagnostic assessment helps to identify speci? c learning strengths and needs, and usually follows an initial assessment at the beginning of a learning programmer, where there is an indication of the need for further, more detailed assessment.It is related to speci? c skills needed for tasks. The diagnostic breeding can be included in the learners ILP. It is recommended that diagnostic assessment is conducted by specialist teachers of literacy, language or num eracy. Formative assessment -including diagnostic testing is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student andteacher that focus on the detail of content and performance. It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability. Assessment can be based on a variety of information sources (e. g. , portfolios, works in progress, teacher observation, and conversation) Verbal or written feedback to the student is primarily descriptive and emphasizes strengths, identi? es challenges, and points to next steps As teachers check on understanding they adjust their instruction to keep students on track.No grades or scores are given record-keeping is primarily anecdotal and descriptive Occ urs throughout the learning process, from the outset of the course of study to the time of summative assessment -Assessment that is accompanied by a number or letter grade (summative) -Compares one students achievement with standards -Results can be communicated to the student and parents -Occurs at the end of the learning unit Evaluation Judgment made on the basis of a students performance Test An assessment intended to measure the respondents knowledge or other abilities Assessment.

Business Plan Final Essay

Castles Family Restaurant Business Plan Stage trinityExecutive SummaryThe get of this stage melodic line plan is to understand the eating places business and its operations to improve its customer expediency and its employee relations. The Castle Family Restaurant has eighter from Decatur restaurants that persist under one regional manager that also acts as the Human Resource Manager for the restaurants. The goal is to develop a plan that throw out hang the travel time of the regional manager so that he, Jay Morgan, can save on gas due to high gas prices since each restaurant is find in the northern California area. The objective is to introduce a HRIS operation and one vendor that can assist in the develop of the HR incision and ease the transitioning of one individual HR manager to multiple employees. There are restaurants with profits in mind and provide the same food and service while the Castles Family believes in family, partnerships and maturation relationships w ith one another for a prominent customer service.IntroductionThe Castles Family Restaurant has eight restaurants in northern California with about 300-340 employees. Most of the employees are part time with about 40% of them full-time. This business plan is to determine strategies that will reach the Human Resource position from Jay Morgan, so that he can void his travel time to all eight locations and to develop an HR subdivision for the restaurants. In addition, the business plan is to enable Jay Morgan to concentrate on his operation manager duties.Company ReviewThe factors that cause many issues to the Castles Family restaurant business are having one individual with so many responsibilities. Therefore, hiring an HR manager to schedule, recruit, hire and assist the employees in their needs will ease in creating battle array. In addition, the restaurant must(prenominal) hire an assistant to help in the administration work it will decrease the amount ofpaperwork for the gen eral manager. And each restaurant must have a manager to overseas the employees and the operation of the restaurant. The managers will conduct meetings monthly to provide the sales, revenues and customer function of each restaurant. Managers can communicate by means of emails, phone calls if they have questions for each other, or have any concerns. A needs assessment must be conducted to determine if an HRIS is needed for the company. In order to have a successful restaurant business every factor must be considered. For example, customer service to the customers is a big factor because that is what brings in the revenue. For a restaurant to have a successful business they must have the good food for their customers to enjoy and to assist the customers any way they can.In the last year, there had been some speculation into how the government will help the beautiful restaurants and that the fiscal will prevent any type of savings in when tax time comes around. These HRIS and vendo r application that will be declared in this business plan is there to develop and help arrest the restaurants H R department and increase growth in the company.Business AnalysisWe have acquired an HRIS system that will help in developing the HR department to provide easy process for the employees. The Sage HRIS application is an innovative way to ease the transition from traditional HR to a strategical HR. The Sage applications provide variety of options to assist in the HR process. For example, the payroll application should be implemented to help the restaurant establish tax, earnings, and deduction codes to carry out critical payroll functions and to modify the system to the restaurants needs. This is the first time Castles Family Restaurant is developing a HR department, having the right tools to run a department the right way will will less mistakes to be made with eight different locations, adding the sage application will help in the transitioning all locations into one. Furthermore, it is critical for a company to have lead to help establish the employees strengths and improve their weaknesses. In addition, the sages time and attendance can help manage the employees attendance and work time. The system enables you to collect, analyze, and take control of employees attendance and labor info.Theapplication will help the company in providing perks to employees that always come to work on time. In addition, the performance management application tracks employees performance help identify their critical skills to help the employees in their career development. Furthermore, I have compare and contrast a vendor that would benefit your company. These two vendors provide great services but one match your companys true values and its missions. The Castles Family Restaurant need a vendor that can help in developing long lasting relationship and demonstrates positivity so that individuals can be their best. Furthermore, automation is viable to reduce the nee d of homosexual errors that can results in more major consequences. Automation errors can occur at any time, the solutions are easy to fix, and automation provide easy data that can be change, delete and edit.HRIS Type/ComparisonThe type of HRIS that the Castle Family Restaurant should implement is the Sage application as I have stated before. In order for such application to be developed a vendor must be selected to help in the process. The sage application is a best fit for the company because it has a group of team that can help in assisting in any technical difficulties. When developing new HR department, errors will consist and questions will need to be answered. Therefore, a new training program will need to develop to increase each employees skills and performances in the Human Resources Department. The Sage application has the career enhancement training they have created a system that can help in detecting IT skills, leaderships skills, etc. that can benefit your restauran t.The application has an easy to read system. The vendors that I have selected are the ADP and the Rideau science Solutions. The ADP provides all services for domestic international, meek or large companies, it does not matter where you operate, and they are there to assist in developing the business. The Rideau credit rating Solutions provide services that tickle pink employees to succeed to the vendors belief. Their expertise is to help their clients build positive relationships with their people to reflect the companys values and increase customers expectations. The Rideau main purpose and their definition of a business are being inspirational and providing inspiration to others. WhileADP is well recognized company that can assist in developing an HR department, and have the tools to performed the job, but because of the deep meaning and relationship that can develop with the Rideau Recognition Solutions and the restaurant being a family company I believe that the Rideau is t he best solution for the Castles restaurant.HRIS Vendor RecommendationI have recommended that your company, The Castles Family Restaurant, to choose the Sage HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. They have the right tools that can establish the restaurant business, and their tools can assist in the development of the HR department. In the restaurant business there will be a lot of risks such as food poising, slip and fall and property damages. Once these types of risks occur this is where the HR department comes in to assist in resolving the situation. This why there should be training when these disadvantages come to light. The sage applications have the proper tools to help decide the overlord way to handle such situations.The HRIS application provides professional training to each individual HR employee. While these risks can occur, another problem that cans cause depleted businesses disadvantage are the fiscal cliff which this year small business operators tax rate has increase by 5 percent. Furthermore, knowing these disadvantages will allow you, the Castle Restaurant to prepare yourself as a restaurant. In addition, using these vendors and HRIS system will permit better training and develop great talk between the HR department and the employees and managers for great customer service. It is important to know the negative factor and a positive factor on owning a small business restaurant and to prepare for any tactics on a professional level. In conclusion, I recommend the Sage as your HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor.ConclusionThe Castles Family Restaurant has been operating on one person basis, with eight restaurants to oversee. There are many duties to maintain to assure asmooth business with such issues that can arise in each restaurant, developing an HR department to oversee these tasks will reduce risks that can occur. I have concluded that the Sage HRIS and Rideau Recognition Solu tion are the chosen application and vendor for your company to help in the developing your restaurant business. The application and vendor will and can assist you in many different factors and help improve employee communication.ReferencesFrumkin, Paul. How fiscal cliff deal impacts small restaurateurs, franchisees. Nationss Restaurant News. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved on 8/24/2013 http//nrn.com/latest-headlines/how-fiscal-cliff-deal-impacts-small-restaurateurs-franchisees

Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Essay

Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Alfred Nobel gave his last name to one of the on the saveton or so prestigious literature prizes today. He specified that the award should go to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the just about outstanding tempt in the ideal direction (Cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005) Over the days the criteria the prize was awarded on kept on changing along with the changing times. In 1964, the French philosopher, impudentist and playwright Jean-Paul S arte voluntarily declined the Nobel value. (Danson and Gupta, 2005, p. 212) The prize for the opera hat novel of the twentieth century will follow guidelines that perhaps eve Sartre would consider just and accept the prize if it were offered to him. Today, the Nobel accolade is regarded as one of the highest honors in literature but there was a period in history when Sartres refusal threatened its universality of honor. Five years later, Samuel Beckett received the award and t he Nobel Prize gained fend for some of its authority as a universal honor.Becket had contemplated whether he should accept the award or not because he realized the recent controversy arisen by Sartes rejection but did not want to plain mimic his actions. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 213-4) The criminal recorder Prize was launched in 1968 to provide a benchmark for the best of contemporary British fiction by awarding a prize for what was deemed to be, in the joint opinion of the judges selected by the precaution committee, the most outstanding novel by a British or Commonwealth writer in any wedded year. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) Tom Maschler found the booker prize and can be notioned as a successful marketer of his time. His goal was to ensure that serious British fiction gains market share done public relation-ing efforts, specifically, the use of touch programs. He did for books back in the 1960s for books, what people do for movies now fix a lot of hype earlier the re lease date, a lot of publicity, and going big at the box office.Stated by Iyer in 1993, the Booker had become Londons way of officially commemorating and coronating literary tradition the closest thing in writing to the movies Academy (cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) Plato suggests that literature is not an end in itself it has a broader societal responsibility which imposes a duty on poets to make sure that their works are not immoral or untrue. Poetry and art in ecumenical have fundamental responsibilities to the connection that produces them.If poets are unwilling to tether their imitations of life sentence to the demands of that society, Plato argues, then they should be kicked out of the republic. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) This idea by Plato is the concept behind instrumentalism. If Plato was springy today, he would condone Corporate Social Responsibility all the way. Just like any big corporation should be held responsible for what its actions are alfresco o f producing a certain product or service, Plato believed that poet was responsible for what he was producing. In reality, Corporate Social Responsibility, if analyzed in the long run, can be the best thing for a company.If a company carries out its duties other than delivering a great product to society, it gains the peoples trust, primary(prenominal)tains goodwill, and cashes in on the steady network in the long term. In the same light, according to Plato, a poet moldiness compel poetry responsibly and cater to the needs and demands of his society. In doing this, the poet must create works that might level(p)tually become simply a thing that society demands. By doing this, literature looses its essence and becomes simply what the public wants but to create continuously what the public wants and have it accepted by them is an art of its own.To observe the cycle like this, Platos simple theory of producing work responsibly becomes producing work to cater to a specific demand, whi ch then becomes a sort of artistic economics, and simply a work of beauty like Oscar Wildes. For this reason, instrumentalism or aestheticism alone cannot be the judge of good literature. Basically, both the Nobel and Booker were found to expand British literature, the former by means of transforming the judging criteria from time to time and the later by 21st century marketing tactics.A neo-Kantian might advise the Nobel or Booker judges as follows derive your standards for judging literary works themselves rather than by following extant rules of literary judgment reflection to exemplary works of genius for guidance in judging the work before you delicacy such works as models, and never reduce them to a list of determinate rules, formulae or precepts. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 203) Keeping in mind the advice given by the neo-Kantian the impudent prize for the best novel of the twentieth century will weigh the literatures strength according to its esthetics, instruments, and m odernist views.The goal of the prize is not to simply canonize a work of literature or deem it best because beauty is a more important characteristic than content or vice versa. The goal is to view the work for it is, just like a human being, and appreciate what it intends to do or tell. Like the age old example of apples and oranges, the prize will look at each work for what it is. A work may not be deemed the best simply because it is more inclined towards Wildes criteria or Platos criteria.No one will be thrown out of The Republic but instead the competition will be different because the apples will be competing against the other apples and the oranges against the other but not against each others. In other words, a work may be the best aesthetic piece of literature or the best instrumentalist literature. The winner will be the work which tells of something deeply moving and presents new ideas that are life changing way in the most beautiful manner possible. The winner will the p erfect blend of apples and oranges and the runner up will be the best apple, the best orange, or the little perfect blend of the two.Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Joris-Karl Huysmans advocated a view of art which denied that it should have any moral, political or social function. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) Cuddon stated in 1982 that art for arts sake (cited in Danson and Gupta, 2005) was the fundamental of aestheticism. When we consider Virginia Woolfs novel Orlando, it has all the elements of beautifully portrayed writing and meaning and content. What causes this text to be the winner of the prize for the best book of the twentieth century is that as time went on, the books purpose and meaning evolved.In a survey of the Nobel Prize, Kjell Espmark (1999) discerns the following phases from 1901 to 1912, prizes were given to writers who demonstrated a lofty and sound idealism from 1912 to 1920, a literary policy of political neutrality was followed in the 1920s, award winners we re marked as a possessing a classical great style in the 1930s, universal interest was considered key from 1946 to 1977, writers were chosen who had made a pioneering contribution from 1978 to 1985, attention was given to unknown master from 1986 onwards, the emphasis had been on recognizing the literary productions of the whole world(Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 211) Unlike the Nobel prize and its changing criteria over the years, Orlando was viewed differently as time went on. We analyze Orlando now most often as a feminist work that explores the boundaries of gender and sexuality and the limits of women writers within literary history, or as a sharp critique on the possibilities of biography.But Orlando was often first read by its contemporary audience as a gossipy portrait of Vita Sackville-West. (Tetterton, 1995) When the novel was first written it was a mere work of comedic art with no instrumental purpose but to winder a certain portrait of someone. Virginia Woolfs writing is d ifficult to read and understand because of the transitions she makes and her style of writing. Back in the day, this novel was, taken as the delightful joke that Woolf herself claimed it to be. It was a hugely successful joke not just critically, but financially as well, both in England and America. It was Orlando that enabled the Woolfs to purchase their first car, and it put them on stable financial footing for the rest of their lives. (Tetterton, 1995) The novel perhaps served an instrumental purpose to the Woold family but not society, it was viewed as a work of fiction and no action was taken against it because of the hints of lesbianism since the main character was a man when he fell in love the princess. This work could be simply viewed as art for the sake of art at the time by the audience but it had a greater purpose. Some say that it was a secretly a love letter to the woman Virginia Woolf loved. When we read Orlando now we liquidate more attention to the gender bring o ns present in the book. The book was not viewed as an important work I feminine and lesbian literature back in the day because none of the feminist movements had occurred yet. When we look at the work now we cant help but get a understanding of what Woolf was really trying to say. It was only in the later years that the work evolved from simply aesthetical and comical to instrumental.Woolf sheds light on the issue of lesbianism and gets away with it in the era where other writers were being banned for bringing up the same subjects. She fulfils the purpose of feministic liberation because after the 300 years the main character becomes a liberated and free woman in the early nineties. These demands were initially not required by society and no one but Virginia and her contemporaries who felt the same way craved the need for someone to bring about this revolution. Today, Virginia Woolfs Orlando caters to the demands of society and the feminist revolution that is still defining itself and the freedom of exploring ones sexuality freely. Virginia created the perfect blend of aestheticism and instrumentalism with the aide of time.In the century that it was written in, the novel served its aesthetic purpose and in the conterminous century it the audience learnt to look at its real instrumental purpose. Woolf created this perfect blend and proved that she was two steps ahead of the whole world. She was a modernist because she re-evaluated where society currently stood and where it needed to go and with what means. Woolf paved a way for future writers to explore new territory and have the freedom of self expression. one and only(a) argument presented by Kelly Tetterton at the The Fifth Annual Virginia Woolf Conference at Otterbein College, June 18, 1995 is that the segue the audience made from the comical to the serious category is through the matter method of the book. She points out,Partly yes we are far more sensitive to issues of gender than those readers of long ago because its now part of our social consciousness even those who might disagree with such a critical approach must now acknowledge the reasonedity of the approach itself. And partly no we are simply reacting to what were given to read. Take a look at the most recent paperback covers for Orlando one from Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and one from the Quality Paperback Book Club. Anyone casually glancing at these covers is likely to suspect that issues of gender and sexuality are involved in the text beneath the covers. The 1973 HBJ paperback gives us two almost identical figures, one male and one female, divided by a clock the 1993 QBC book cover is more abstract, but theres a prominent pink triangle on its spine and back.If we are better readers today, its because we have some help from the publishers. (1995) The second half of her argument is valid because the pictures or hype that surrounds a text greatly affect how a work of literature is viewed. The different publicatio ns have a sort of Booker Prize affect on the audience. The different paperback version somewhat manipulates whats inside and this factor can be used to sway the judgment about the work greatly. Nevertheless, the publication or marketing aspects do not take away from the book itself because part one of the argument presented by Tetterton is just as valid and in sync with the intact critique of the book making it the best book of the twentieth century.In 1934, the first issue of the British daybook Left Review published a position statement by the Writers International, a group of radical writers. The statement included the following thoughts on what government agency writers should play in the British societyIt is time for these, together with the working-class journalists and writers who are trying to express the feelings of their class, to organize an association of revolutionary writers. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 117) Interpreting this mathematical function British writers we re asked to play in society is the very fundamental of instrumentalism, producing responsibly what the society demands as a whole. The author of Sunset Song, Lewis Grassic Gibbon replied to this message in a mostly positive manner except for two discrepancies.This declaration stated that literature is anything but elevated, self-contained or sacrosanct, as the aesthetes had claimed rather, for the Writers International, literature has the potential, even and obligation, to criticize society and to contribute to the building of a socialist future. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 118) Gibbon said, I hate capitalism all my books are explicit or unstated propaganda. (cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p118) The first of the two points Gibbon disagreed with was that capitalism was perhaps dead economically but the literature was thriving, untouched, and unharmed and that there was a huge residue between the two. Second, he thought that writers should actually work for the socialist coast and no t just say it. (Danson & Gibbon, 2005) The use of Scottish accents and dialects is present throughout the entire novel. This style earns him points for true instrumentalism.He sticks to his roots, much like the writers of today who add flavorful touches of their mother tongue in their works. From the earlier point about reinforcement the revolutionary cause of socialism he strips away whatever he can of capitalism by staying true to his origins no matter what. The young Chris must choose between life on the land, her Scottish identity, and the English part of her which draws her away from home towards books and education. Yet even once she has made her decision, the way of life of her community is altered forever by the Great War. (BBC) The story is about a little boy understanding what really is going on somewhat him and how he must deal with everything.The book is runner up to Orlando by Virginia Woolf because it is the best work of instrumentalism at its extreme whereas Woolfs novel encompasses all the concepts of aesthetics to modernism to instrumentalism. Sunset Song is a great example of a believing in a cause and writing for it to change the society as a whole and lead into a revolution. However, it is important that while Sunset Song rues the loss of a past age, it is not hopeless. The images of light and the morning hero in the closing pages of the novel anticipate the rest of the trilogy, emphasizing Gibbons desire to construct a future rather than simply mourn the loss of a Golden Age. (BBC) Gobbin, like his response to the Writers International delivers what he has said and paints a window to the future. He can be viewed as a modernist in the sense that he re-evaluated how society was going to reach a certain place and stuck to different ideas and did not conform to capitalisticic views. Gibbon uses the register device of flashforward, or prolepsis, at the start at each of the four main parts of the novel. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 132) His style of writing and the techniques he uses also earns him points for creatively constructing the transition of work. All Gibbons sympathetic characters the Guthries, Chae Strachan, Long Rob and, more ambivalently, Ewan Tavendale are associated with the traditional peasant way of life.In contrast, the characters who embrace small-scale capitalist production Ellison, Mutch, Munro and Cuddiestoun are represented as thoroughly unattractive. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 141) The author clearly indicated his leaning towards socialism through his characters and their analysis throughout the book. He successfully achieves his goal of taking a stance against capitalism and that lands him into the runner up spot in the best writer of the twentieth century. An important motivation at the core of Gibbons writing, closely connected to his political commitment, is his desire to rescue the forgotten, unrecorded histories of Scotlands poor. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p.150) Gibbon is one of those revolutionaries whole believes that all the crunch and blood and hardship that went into making the future what it is today should never be ignored. It should be remembered and used as inspiration to move forward and achieve even greater things. (Danson & Gupta, 2005) Virginia Woolf takes away the award from Gibbons for first place because she is a modernist in the true sense. Gobbin beautifully portrays what an instrumentalist should do and inspires people and connects with them on a deep level from the get go. He has always presented his work seriously and believed it to bring about a change and get to the end through revolutionary socialist means.The judgment criteria of this award is not to award a socialist when a socialist revolution is going on or a capitalist when capitalism as it its peek. The goal is to judge literature for what is no matter what guards the standards of society now. Gibbons is a story that can be read in the democratically inclined times of today and stil l have an impact and show the clarity of how one can stick to his beliefs and paint a convincing and moving piece of literature. References Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2005). Aestheticism & modernism debating twentieth-century literature 1900-1960. Twentieth-century literature texts and debates. London Routledge. Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2004).The popular and the canonical debating twentieth-century literature 1940-2000. Twentieth-century literature texts and debates. London Routledge. Gibbon, L. G. (1981). Sunset song. newly York Schocken Books. Tamir, E. (2007). Gupta/Johnsons A Twentieth-Century Reader and Johnsons Debating Twentieth-Century Literature, 1940-2000. Science-Fiction Studies. 34, 343-345. Tetterton, Kelly (1995, June, 18). Virginia Woolfs Orlando. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from http//www. tetterton. net/orlando/orlando95_talk. html The Writers. BBC, Retrieved May 19, 2008, from http//www. bbc. co. uk/scotland/arts/writingscotland/writers/lewis_grassic_gibbon/work s. shtml Woolf, V. (1928). Orlando a biography. New York Harcourt, Brace.

Born Global Firm

.- What are some of the managerial characteristics of a Born Global firm? How are distinguishable from those of a traditional firm that seek to spread out with a more traditional evolutionary process? The Born Global firm phenomenon refers to those special firms that hook on an international approach right from their birth The general characteristics of Born Global firms differentiate themselves from other multinationals in their growth stages. Born Global firms typically operate in a narrowly defined market niche, which makes it harder to grow in a small home market.A high degree of specialization requires internationalisation if the firm wants to achieve substantial growth. Born Global firms often possess unique resources and capabilities such as entrepreneurial orientation of the founders, designing behind products and technology, accumulated knowledge of the founders and managers from previous work experience, and networking capabilities. Managers with a previous background of international strong activity will employ to the company a more true address to its business expansion, for this reason a high level of entrepreneurial orientation supports the firm? talent to recognize and create opportunities at an early stage. It can be argued that Born Global firms are typically found in niche business areas where products are unique, and require high amount of research and victimization like the high tech business area. It is very important to invest in products with a succinct life cycle and high technology sectors are characterized by this necessity of a continued innovation which can protect those firms and products from any imitation.As for geographic locations of these Born Global firms, their headquarters can be found in various countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland Rich and large countries give birth to Born Global firms, as these countries have potential demand for unique products, plenty market professionals and fin ancial support. Foreign demands for unique products then often pull these firms to globalize quickly.

Explorations of Astrology

One of astrologys first graces on human minds was with the Babylonians and Ancient Egyptians, and then banquet throughout the Arab world. Since, there has been explorations of astrology through manuscripts and celestial objects do by Arab craftsmen. Many islamic nonfunctional motifs and architecture references astrological findings. The Moslem calendar says that the day begins at sunset and the five prayers start from that time. Adjusting multiplication for prayer grew out of observing the heavens, a practice known since the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians.The Arabs, for centuries, studied the sky and examined the groups of stars and phases of the daydream on their long desert travels. This education of space was adapted and developed to conform to the practice of Islam. During the gallant period of the Islamic world, the science of astrology as a branch from astronomy was translated by the Greeks into Arabic, along with Sasanian, Indian and ancient Egyptian influences, allow ing more scientific and mathematical development by mathematicians and scientists of the Arab world. The subject came to be a very popular ace, as it was taken interest in by scholars much(prenominal) as Abu Mashar al-Balkhi, al-Biruni, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. on that point is evidence of this topic creation widespread throughout the Islamic world, such as manuscripts and astrological records found in al-Fustat in Egypt.Since there has proven to be much scientific evidence and troth in the study of the stars and planets, how did this outbreak of information in the Islamic world affect Islamic nontextual matter? And why was it so significant?There is much architecture, objects and textiles from the Islamic World that express the significance of this topic, such as Qusayr Amra (figure 1) in Jordan, built by Umayyad caliph Walid II in the early 8th century, which features a frescoed caldarium ceiling depicting the twelve Zodiac constellations.The exterior of the construction is very minimal the only ornamentation being small domes and triple arches. Otherwise, the ornamentation becomes servant to the architecture. The techniques that were contributed into constructing Qusayr Amra references the Roman and Byzantine techniques predominately limestone and terracotta brick, along with separate types of stones. The frescoed ceilings in the caldarium, or the hot plunge bath, is said to be the earliest depiction of the stars painted on a domed surface. It features 35 recognizable constellations along with, as mentioned previously, twelve zodiacs.There has been reported to be one mistake the order of the stars in the counterclockwise direction, which tells that it is possible that the fresco was copied from a flat surface. This fresco, however, is not the only one in Qusayr Amra there were many brilliant murals in several of the other chambers that suggest that the caliphs of this pleasance palace lived a luxurious lifestyle. This luxury tells of an involvement in The use of imagery in comparison to astrology began in the twelfth century, and eventually taken in for its visual decorative quality, by the Ghaznavids and the Seljuqs among others, and they adopt it with their own meanings and influences.The gilded and over glazed bowl (figure 2) depicts figures very close to those of the Kashan. There is Kufic inscriptions around the run along of the bowl, and the focal point is the sun-shaped face in the center, with a classical depiction of the six planets surrounding it. There are images of figures sitting on thrones, riding on horseback, and playing instruments composed in a radiate composition, following the form of the object.The only two seated figures on thrones sit across from each other on the band, with the other figures surrounding it. This motif combines two different motifs that are common in Islamic art together the image of figures performing activities or in a scene depicted centrally to the object, as can be seen in the Stain- and overglaze-painted bowl (Ettinghausen, Grabar, Jenkins-Madina, 175), for example, and images of a single figure repeated to farm a visual pattern, as demonstrated in the outer rim of Glazed and lustre-painted composite-bodied bowl (Ettinghausen, Grabar, Jenkins-Madina, 174). This regal bowl is very similar to the Stain- and overglaze-painted beaker (Ettinghausen, Grabar, Jenkins-Madina, 176) in the way that it has different tiers showing different figures in fulfill repeated across the band of the beaker. The copper-alloy mirror (figure 3) is another royal artifact that utilizes the zodiacs as symbols of power made for Artuqid ruler Artuq Shah. The heavy-relief bird in the center of the mirror

Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan Pipeline and the Kurdish Issue

Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan Pipeline and the Kurdish Issue The Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) cover line of reasoning links the Caspian sea to the Eastern Mediterranean, it runs 1, 768 km long and is the second endless oil transmission line in the former Soviet Union, extending through the former Soviet republics of Azerbaijan and Georgia, as comfortably as dud. At its capacity it prat pump up to 1 million barrels (160,00 m3) of oil per day. The locution of the grape was a immense undertaking costing upwards of US$3. 9 billion.This considered the pipeline was funded 70% by third parties (dominated by British Petroleum). Even well before its achievement the BTC pipeline has had a remarkable effect on the worlds oil politics virtually critics have gone as far to argue that it has directly affected the geopolitics of the Palestinian conflict. One rat clearly show the important monetary reasons to this pipeline, however what impart be dealt with more in this move will be its contri exclu sivelyions to world politics and the controversies that surround it.The BTC pipeline is nonhing short of an engineering feat, extending almost exactly 1, 768 km across extremely difficult terrain and diverse climatic and geological zones techniques and chemic coatings which may have worked perfect for one section had to be changed for others. What sets the BTC pipeline apart though is how this challenging undertaking affects the myriad communities and millions of citizens, making the pipeline non only an economic undertaking but withal a socio-political issue.The South Caucasus, formerly an underappreciated region of Russia, is now of extreme strategic signifi posteriorce the US on with some(prenominal) other Western powers have vested interests in the affairs of these three partnerships through which the pipeline runs. The BTC pipeline bypasses the territory of the Russian Federation. It transits through the former Soviet republics of Azerbaijan and Georgia, both of which have become US protectorates, hard integrated into a military alliance with the US and NATO. It goes without saying that the pipeline is all about the oil, but it is equally about the favorable and civic development of the participating countries.In order to properly discuss the social and environmental issues of the BTC roam, one must first have an adequate frame of reference from which the vomit up can be judged. There are many principles which one can use including those outlined by the realness Bank. However for the purposes of this paper, the Equator Principles will be used. The EPs are a set of principles outlined by Citigroup, ABN AMRO, Barclays and WestLB are a voluntary set of principles for determining social and environmental risk in project financing.The Principles, adopted by seventeen leading private banks, specify that express Banks would only provide loans to projects, which meet a way out of conditions. These conditions entangle that projects comply with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) policies, that they follow the host country laws, among other particular proposition requirements. A check into in 2003 examined the BTC pipeline this paper will examine the Turkish persona of this review (while many of the same systemic failures were found just as well in Azerbaijan and Georgia).Based on a rigorous study of the BTC project documents, and also on two international FACT finding Missions to the pipeline route, this review found that BTC project is in breach of five EP-referenced IFC standards on 127 accounts. These sections include 53 counts in Environmental Assessment 7 counts in Natural Habitats 30 counts in Indigenous Peoples 28 counts in Involuntary Resettlement 9 counts in Cultural Property The study also found that the project was in breach of international standards such as World Bank standards, European Union directing on Environmental Impact Assessment, European Bank of Reconstruction & Development.This would be a massive undertaking to properly examine all of the claims made against the BTC project, so focus will instead be put in three areas Natural Habitats, Indigenous Peoples, and Involuntary resettlement. In doing so this paper will examine the example given by the Kurdish community of Turkey. The Kurds are an example of a nation without a state they are an ethno-linguistic group without any central state. They comprise 18% of the Turkish population (an estimated 14 million).When establishing the pipeline, Turkey strategically rerouted the pipeline away from the heavily Kurdish areas and the South-East that being said much of the pipeline still runs through areas that require heavily armed guarding. When looking at the EP section Impacts and indigenous peoples and communities (chapter 8), the project scored a non-compliance stating that the impacts on indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities not considered at all (notably the Kurds). The Kurds, an ethnic minority of the region, can apply for OD 4. 0 (Indigenous Peoples rights, section 8. 3), however when BTC co. overlooked this to speed the construction outgrowth along they broke not only the Equator principles but also the World Bank principles. specifically the BTC project has failed to ensure that the Kurds benefited from this project, and failed to ensure that the Kurds were adequately assured about the project prior to its completion. as well the project did not even test to draw up an ethnic minorities development plan (which would include schooling funding among other social programs).Operational Directive 4. 30, Involuntary Resettlement, sets out the requirements for resettlement and adequate honorarium for land acquisition. Fact-finding missions outlined in the EP document emergency powers had been used to override OD 4. 30. In many cases displacement occurred before compensation was complete, and when compensation was given the rates were too low. None of the communities were informed of their rights in regards to the land expropriation. Much of the criticism coming from the consultation process of the BTC co. s interesting however, because the project did put in place comprehensive public consultation and disclosure processes commencing in mid-2001 with a process of stakeholder identification and preliminary consultation during project scoping information briefs and consultations with local authorities and local NGOs followed rattling shortly after this. On the IFC website, the claim is made that they were informed that the members of the Kurdish communities all were fluent in Turkish. As a result of this mistreatment of the Kurdish communities, which the pipeline passes through, many Kurdish militant groups have interpreted to sabotaging the pipeline.The Kurdish workers party (PKK) has publicly taken credit for much of this sabotage. However there was no indicate of whether they adequately explain (in Turkish of Kurdish) their rights with regards to land expropriation . As a result one can see that BTC is making the bare minimum of effort required to the Kurdish communities they claim that they are meeting with the members of the community and yet there still seems to be opposition with pipeline sabotage. Some have argued that this is just an attempt to discredit the Turkish state and bring attention to their nationalist causes in regards to Kurdistan. Regardless of hich, the BTC project has not adequately equipped these communities with the means to consult with these large firms. Much of the political tension arising from the pipeline is a direct result of the lack of environmental accountability. At 1 million barrels a day, the marrow of CO2 produced in a year is equal to an entire power industry in the UK. The region of Turkey that the pipeline runs through historically is prone to major earthquakes, and there has not been adequate planning for this. The BTC project is suffering these problems because of a complete disregard to these standa rds, but rather seemingly because of a travel approach.Couple the Kurdish issue with the evident disregard for any form of environmental accountability along with many other problems found in the two ex-soviet countries not mentioned in this paper and the project is simply not sustainable. If adequate structures are not put in place to allow for public dissent, the BTC is doomed to continually suffer sabotage to their pipelines. This is perhaps not such a problem from the perspective of BP, who clearly can afford this expense it is however an embarrassing light to be shone on Turkey. If for no other reason, Turkey should be pressing for changes in the BTC structure.

Human Aggression Essay

This examine concerns one of the most influential whole works on human being bearing today. The title of this article is Human belligerence. This investigate was conducted by Craig A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman who atomic number 18 both connected with the Department of Psychology at the Iowa State University. Their research was published in the yearbook Review Psychology Journal 2002, vol. 53 pages 27 to 51. Introduction We have heard or witnessed accounts of batch victimized by effect.Last September 2001, several hijackers took control of several planes and made them crash finished the twin towers of the World Trade Center. Bargonly several minutes after, an some other plane hit the Pentagon. In these events hundreds of people died while thousands more were seriously injured. It is true that historically we be all aware that military man are capable of rough fashion. Human violence is not new. (Arthur G. Miller, Ch 8 p. 169) Thus, the act of one someone killing a nother should not receive as a surprise for us.Yet in the prehistorical years, human behavior is getting more violent. These past events have triggered the scientists and psychologists to once again examine the alkali cause of violence in human behavior. One of the recent studies was made by Craig A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman. This essay seeks to understand the ecumenic Aggression instance which is a theory-based model proposed by Anderson and Bushman. The objective is to analyze this model in relation to the previous researches on aggressive human behavior and to determine the innate differences of this research to the previous studies.An overview of how this research was conducted will also be explained. The General Aggression Model Anderson and Bushman acknowledge the works of the previous police detectives before them. These previous researches have all immensely contributed to our present understanding of how violence is brought about. Some of these researches concl uded that the accessibility of guns, global warming, violence against children in schools and widespread pic to violent cheer media are all contributing factors to increasing violence.Several theories have also been proposed on human aggression. These are the Cognitive Neo-association Theory, Social Learning Theory, Script Theory, and the Excitation Transfer Theory. Anderson and Bushman believe, however, that these researches on human aggression pauperism a theoretical model that will integrate all these works into a complete whole. (Gerald Amada, 2005, p. 2) They quotation a statement made by Jules Henri Poincare, to wit Science is built up with fact, as a house is with stone. But a collection of fact is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house. (Poincare) This theoretical model is known as the General Aggression Model.The General Aggression Model is primarily a theoretical model. There were no specific subjects used or laboratory experiments conducted. It simply inc orporated the existing theories that have been published about human aggression. What makes it different from the other research on this topic is that it adds form and structure to the present theories about human aggression by consolidative these mini-theories about aggressive behavior to form one complete model on Human Aggression.The General Aggression Model (GAM) examines the effect of certain versatiles interacting with the thoughts, mood and emotion and the arousal of an individual that may chip in to the counselling of violence. According to Anderson & Bushman, our thoughts, mood and emotion and our arousal not only interact with each other to determine whether a individual will remove in aggressive behavior but they are influenced by two factors a) the Situation Factors and b) the Person Factors. The Situation Factors pertain to the features of the crabbed situation that may outgrowth or decrease the aggression.For example insult, frustration, drugs, the presence of a gun, the presence of a religious leader or the presence of uncomfortable situation. This means that depending on the presence or absence of any of these variables there is a higher or lower probability that aggressive behavior will follow. The Person Factors pertain to the characteristics of a person that he brings to the particular situation. These Person Factors include traits, beliefs, attitude, sex, values and long-term goals. This means that a persons beliefs can serve as a powerful stimulus that may influence aggressive.For example, a person who has the tendency to feel that he has been unjustly treated by others is more in all probability to bring into being suspicious of other people, and to harbor ill will against others. He is also more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. (Stephen Swartz, 2007, p. 2) Under the GAM, the Person Factors and the Situation Factors are only the first stage to the commission of human aggression. The second stage happens when there is an interaction among the Person Factors/Situation Factors with the three innate states the cognition (hostile thoughts), affect (mood and emotion) and the arousal (physiological process).For example, when a child is exposed to a television show which exhibits violent scenes (Situation Factors) this has an effect on the cognitive in the sense that it gives access to the childs hostile thoughts. eternal exposure therefore to these violent scenes means that access to hostile thoughts is increased making it more likely that the child will develop a script of his own and manifest aggressive behavior. (Thomas Brady, 2004 p. 3) The relationship between violent video games and human aggression is made clear using the GAM.This research warns us that adolescents exposure to video games increases the likelihood that he will behave aggressively. (Thomas A. Kooijmans, 2004, p. 1) Video games like Doom or mortal combat explicitly shows two characters attacking each other and trying to kill each other. (Situational Factor) This variable interacts with the Arousal or the physiological changes that are already happening to a child who is reaching puberty. The ternary stage is the appraisal and the decision making process. At this stage the individual evaluates and appraises all these variables that enter his brain.From past on he will either make a snap judgment (impulsive decision) or he may re-appraise the whole situation and come up with a more controlled and deliberate action. And then the exsert stage is the outcome. Evaluation of the General Aggression Model The GAM is unlike the previous theories of human behavior. It is more colonial and at the same time it is more integrative. (Psychology An International Perspective) It is more complex in the sense that it takes into account not only the character traits and the personality of the individual but it also includes his sexual state such as his emotions and thoughts.It is more integrative because it successfully sa w the connection among the past researches on human aggression and combined them under the GAM. The GAM is also more realistic compared to the other mini-theories on human aggression. Some of the other theories on human behavior even boldly claim that there is a direct relationship between some variables or factors such that the presence of these variables can help shout human behavior. On the other hand, the GAM only highlights how complex human behavior is.There are so many processes that must be taken into consideration before we could actually predict human behavior. As the Anderson and Bushman explained, the Situational Factors and the Person Factors are not the only variables to be considered in predicting future aggressive behavior. Any researcher must also take into account the persons internal state such as his mental state, emotional state and the physical state. Before, I thought that engaging in aggressive behavior or performing an act that causes damage to another is a lways a conscious and deliberate produce of the mind or the emotion.I thought that if a person commits violent behavior it is either because it is premeditate or it is because of heightened emotion. It is only now that I realized that the stimulus for aggression may also come from extrinsic factors that have no relation to the person engaging in aggressive behavior. For me, the most fundamental piece of information I found in this research paper is that certain Situational Factors such as the hot temperature or existing frustration may result to aggression.Conclusion The General Aggression Model is indeed one of the most comprehensive researches that deal with aggressive human behavior. As a theoretical model of human aggression, it is the first research to see the connection between the persons characteristics, the particular situation he is in, his thoughts, his emotion and the physiological processes in his body. Though it provides a model for explaining how aggressive behavior is brought about, it admits that human behavior is unpredictable.