Prejudice Based on Skin Color Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prejudice Based on Skin Color - Dissertation Example However, after the expression of the skin color through genetics, external factors, for example, ultra-violet rays from the sun may change the skin color away from its initial genetic expression. Distance from the equator is also another external factor that affects the skin color. Even though the non-genetic factors have an effect on the skin color, it is important to note that the effect of genes overrides them all (Kontopoulou and Marketos). This is because the expression caused by the gene is irreversible as compared to that on non-genetic factors. The light skin has always been favored over the dark skin across the various human cultures throughout history. This is because light skin has always been associated with beauty, intelligence and grace while the dark skin has always been considered to be inferior, uncivilized and subordinate (Dovidio and Gaertner). This view was later entrenched in the general psyche by the unfortunate tragedies of slavery and colonialism of the dark-s kinned people by the light skinned people throughout the work in the 19th and 20th centuries. This legacy has perpetuated the view of the superiority of the light skin over the dark skin into the modern times. During slavery era, the lighter skinned black slaves were favored by their masters over their darker skinned counterparts because they were perceived to be more intelligent, co-operative and beautiful as contrasted with darker skinned slaves who were considered ugly, uncivilized and crude (Sulem et al.).

Kaizen and T.Q.M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Kaizen and T.Q.M - Essay Example Brief History and contribution of Dr Deming: After the Second World War, Dr. Deming who was the expert on statistical procedures and quality management started spreading his expertise in Japan and this gave rise as the foundation brick gave risk to a complete profession in the name of Total Quality Management. Japanese started implementing these principles in the industrial arena and found out its fruits in form of increased yield and customer satisfaction. Deming was assisted in his efforts by Juran and Ishikawa. T.Q.M is acronym for â€Å"Total Quality Management†, as the name implies it takes into account all the factors of organization that can have an impact on the life of organization, its working and its output. T.Q.M is a concept and at the same time a philosophy and hence has a very vast scope. Since, its rules and working mechanism are so flexible which enables this philosophy to be implemented in both the service industry and the manufacturing industry. It is based on the principles of Continuous Quality Improvement (C.Q.I) initiatives which makes improvement and quality maintenance as part of the organizational activities (Roy, 2007). This philosophy is termed as the bench mark towards achieving excellence in the corporate environment since it provides sufficient guidance for all the necessary aspects. T.Q.M can be split into three major parts, totality, quality, and management. Its scope covers all three important areas of an organization and management field. The term totality refers to the coverage scope for all the essential aspects of organization. The totality factor demands participation, commitment from every personnel who is part of the organization. Ranging from top management individuals to supervisors and shop floor workers, each is expected to provide input and contribute in any way possible. Apart from individuals, the totality factor is fully applicable to the teams and departments and divisions within the organizations. The totality factor addresses the human resource management department, marketing, finance, and all other important departments of the network that have can any positive or negative impact on the organization. The totality factor takes into account all the processes that are involved during the manufacturing stages as well the service delivery stage s (kawatra, 2000). Role of Inspectors: Prior to the implementation of T.Q.M, the inspectors were integral part of organizational framework. Their role was to monitor the performance of various departments and individuals associated. This consumed a lot of resources and department had to bear the burden of a special extra department in the name of inspection department. With the advent of Total Quality Management, the inspectors are no more needed, since the system is devised in such a manner which holds each department and individual responsible for their own role and performance. The large amount of resources and time that used to be consumed and wasted by inspection processes is controlled through the implementation of T.Q.M system. The second part of the acronym is â€Å"Q† which stands for quality. Quality is a subjective definition and can be defined in number of ways. However it can have a pretty simple definition which makes work easy both for the organization and the customers. Quality service or product can be defined as that particular service or product which is in accordance with the demand of customer and fulfils the conformance level. In past a small â€Å"q† was used in the field of marketing and organizations. This did not cover all the aspects of organizational structure. With small â€Å"q† in practice, the onus of productivity and responsibility was largely emphasized on